'surface and process water analyzer'

Conductivity of water allows measuring ionic constituents of all types of water including surface waters, process waters in water supply and treatment plants. PRINCIPLE Conductivity is the ability of a solution, a metal or a gas - in brief all materials to pass an electric current. In solutions the current is carried by cations and anions whereas in metals it is carried by electrons. How well a solution conducts electricity depends on a number of factors • Concentration of ions • Mobility of ions • Valence of ions • Temperature All substances possess some degree of conductivity. In aqueous solutions the level of ionic strength varies from the low conductivity of ultrapure water to the high conductivity of concentrated chemical samples. Conductivity may be measured by applying an alternating electrical current (I) to two electrodes immersed in a solution and measuring the resulting voltage (U). During this process, the cations migrate to the negative Electrode, the anions to the positive electrode and the solution acts as an electrical conductor.

Conductivity of water allows measuring ionic constituents of all types of water including surface water, process water in water supply and treatment plants. PRINCIPLE Conductivity is the ability of a solution, a metal, or a gas - in brief all materials to pass an electric current. In solutions the current is carried by cations and anions whereas in metals it is carried by electrons. How well a solution conducts electricity depends on a number of factors : • Concentration of ions • Mobility of ions • Valence of ions • Temperature All substances possess some degree of conductivity. In aqueous solutions, the level of ionic strength varies from the low conductivity of ultrapure water to the high conductivity of concentrated chemical samples. Conductivity may be measured by applying an alternating electrical current (I) to two Electrodes immersed in a solution and measuring the resulting voltage (U). During this process, the cations migrate to the negative Electrode, the anions to the positive electrode and the solution acts as an electrical conductor.

Conductivity of water allows measuring ionic constituents of all types of water including surface waters, process waters in water supply and treatment plants. PRINCIPLE Conductivity is the ability of a solution, a metal or a gas - in brief all materials to pass an electric current. In solutions the current is carried by cations and anions whereas in metals it is carried by electrons. How well a solution conducts electricity depends on a number of factors • Concentration of ions • Mobility of ions • Valence of ions • Temperature All substances possess some degree of conductivity. In aqueous solutions the level of ionic strength varies from the low conductivity of ultrapure water to the high conductivity of concentrated chemical samples. Conductivity may be measured by applying an alternating electrical current (I) to two electrodes immersed in a solution and measuring the resulting voltage (U). During this process, the cations migrate to the negative Electrode, the anions to the positive electrode and the solution acts as an electrical conductor.

Total Dissolved solids, smaller than 2 microns, refer to any minerals, salts, metals, in the form of molecules, atoms, cations or anions dissolved in water. Total dissolved solids (TDS) comprise inorganic salts (principally calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulfates) and some small amounts of organic matter that dissolve in water. The TDS concentration is the sum of all filterable substances in water that can be determined gravimetrically. However, in most cases, TDS is primarily comprised of ions. TDS is mainly used in the studies of water quality in the natural bodies of water, including surface and ground sources. It is an Microprocessor based online measurement of specific TDS of solution using a TDS cell for R.O plant or D.M plant applications. It enables to measure the TDS without manual balancing and specific TDS is read directly on a digital panel. This is available in panel mounting facility in compact size. Why Measure Total Dissolved Solids? TDS in drinking water can originate from natural sources, urban run-off, municipal and industrial waste, chemicals used in treating water and the actual plumbing infrastructure. While TDS is not considered a primary pollutant, it is an indicator of water quality. The USEPA secondary water quality standard for TDS concentration is 500 mg/L to ensure drinking water palatability. High levels of dissolved solids in drinking water can affect the taste causing it to be bitter or salty. High levels of TDS can also lead to scaling and corrosion in any application but especially in boilers and cooling water.

Conductivity of water allows measuring ionic constituents of all types of water including surface water, process water in water supply and treatment plants. PRINCIPLE Conductivity is the ability of a solution, a metal, or a gas - in brief all materials to pass an electric current. In solutions the current is carried by cations and anions whereas in metals it is carried by electrons. How well a solution conducts electricity depends on a number of factors : • Concentration of ions • Mobility of ions • Valence of ions • Temperature All substances possess some degree of conductivity. In aqueous solutions, the level of ionic strength varies from the low conductivity of ultrapure water to the high conductivity of concentrated chemical samples. Conductivity may be measured by applying an alternating electrical current (I) to two Electrodes immersed in a solution and measuring the resulting voltage (U). During this process, the cations migrate to the negative Electrode, the anions to the positive electrode and the solution acts as an electrical conductor.

FEATURE • Sterilizable / Autoclavable • Gel electrolyte • Sterilization Temperature up to 130°C • 35 Steam Cycles - Ensures fast & accurate long life in actual process conditions • Fast, Accurate, Improved Stability, Reliable • 120, 170, 220, 270 and 320 mm Length available • Compatible with any make pH Transmitter DESCRIPTION Designed for accuracy and stability in a heat intensive application, the new MS pH 04 Ferm series pH sensors are optimized for autoclaving and steam sterilization in biotechnology applications. MS pH 04 sensors exhibit unparalleled stability after exposure to high temperature sterilization. The reference electrode uses a silver silver chloride sensor in combination with a new gelled potassium chloride electrolyte to provide a stable reference potential through the single ceramic reference junction. PRINCIPLE Why is pH Measurement required ? To check the acidic or alkaline nature of aqueous solution. pH (Potential Hydrogen) is unit of measurement, used to determine the Acidity or Alkalinity of an aqueous solution. Practical pH scale for industrial instrumentation ranges from 0 to 14 pH. The acidic substances range from 0 to 6 and on the other end are the alkaline substances, which range from 8 to 14, with pH 7 being neutral, this is the pH of pure water which is neither very acidic nor very alkaline, is said to be neutral. How is pH measured ? Although everyone is familiar with Litmus paper, the only reliable way to measure pH is using Potentiometric Combination electrodes. These electrodes develop a millivolts output corresponding to pH value of solution which is directly proportional to the Free Hydrogen ion concentration in an aqueous Solution. These generated raw mill volts are fed to MS pH 04 Ferm where it is processed by amplifier & reading is displayed on meter TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION pH Range : 0 ~ 14 pH Body : Glass Temperature Range : 0 to 130°C Operating Pressure : 6 Bar Electrolyte : Gel Reference Junction : Single Ceramic Junction Sterilization temperature : 130°C Shaft Length below Threads : 120 mm (Other Lengths on request at Extra Cost) Shaft Diameter : 12 mm Electrical Connection : S8 Process Connection : PG 13.5

It is an economical meter for online measurement of specific Conductivity of solution using a Conductivity cell for RO plant or DM plant applications. It enables to measure the Conductivity without manual balancing and specific Conductivity is read directly on a digital panel. This is available in panel mounting facility in compact size. PRINCIPLE Conductivity is the ability of a solution, a metal or a gas - in brief all materials to pass an electric current. In solutions the current is carried by cations and anions whereas in metals it is carried by electrons. How well a solution conducts electricity depends on a number of factors: • Concentration of ions • Mobility of ions • Valence of ions • Temperature All substances possess some degree of conductivity. In aqueous solutions the level of ionic strength varies from the low conductivity of ultrapure water to the high conductivity of concentrated chemical samples. Conductivity may be measured by applying an alternating electrical current (I) to two electrodes immersed in a solution and measuring the resulting voltage (U). During this process, the cations migrate to the negative electrode, the anions to the positive electrode and the solution acts as an electrical conductor.

Total Dissolved solids, smaller than 2 microns, refer to any minerals, salts, metals, in the form of molecules, atoms, cations or anions dissolved in water. Total dissolved solids (TDS) comprise inorganic salts (principally calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulfates) and some small amounts of organic matter that dissolve in water. The TDS concentration is the sum of all filterable substances in water that can be determined gravimetrically. However, in most cases, TDS is primarily comprised of ions. TDS is mainly used in the studies of water quality in the natural bodies of water, including surface and ground sources. Why Measure Total Dissolved Solids? TDS in drinking water can originate from natural sources, urban run-off, municipal and industrial waste, chemicals used in treating water and the actual plumbing infrastructure. While TDS is not considered a primary pollutant, it is an indicator of water quality. The USEPA secondary water quality standard for TDS concentration is 500 mg/L to ensure drinking water palatability. High levels of dissolved solids in drinking water can affect the taste causing it to be bitter or salty. High levels of TDS can also lead to scaling and corrosion in any application but especially in boilers and cooling water.

The unique sealed membrane allows ease of use of the Dissolved Oxygen sensor without the need for spare membranes and refilling solutions whilst still guaranteeing accurate results and long life. What is Dissolved Oxygen (DO)? Dissolved oxygen is a measure of the amount of gaseous oxygen contained in water. Healthy waters that can support life must contain Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Why Monitor Dissolved Oxygen (DO)? Measuring dissolved oxygen in water and treatment to maintain proper dissolved oxygen levels are crucial functions in a variety of water treatment applications. While dissolved oxygen is necessary to support life and treatment processes, it can also be detrimental, causing oxidation that damages equipment and compromises product. Dissolved oxygen (DO) affects : • Quality – The DO concentration determines the quality of source water. Without enough DO, water turns foul and unhealthy affecting the quality of the environment, drinking water and other products. • Regulatory Compliance – To comply with regulations, wastewater often needs to have certain concentrations of DO before it can be discharged into a stream, lake, river or waterway. Healthy water that can support life must contain dissolved oxygen. • Energy Consumption Cost – Effectively monitoring DO can reduce costs by making processes more efficient. • Process Control – DO levels are critical to control biological treatment of wastewater as well as the biofiltration phase of drinking water production.